Lip print evidence: Poland as the Last Bastion of Practical Cheiloscopy.

Cheiloscopic examinations have long been conducted, and many scientists have reported the usefulness of cheiloscopy for personal identification with a characteristic and individual pattern of furrows on the vermilion lip. For almost 40 years, research conducted in Poland has determined the patterns of these furrows and the separation and development of their individual features. This was the basis for forming expert opinions and presenting them in court as evidence. In Poland, cheiloscopic expertise is performed and the results of precise procedures that are accredited and assessed serve as evidence. Although the legal system in Poland (continental system) is completely different from the American system, cheiloscopic expertise was also assessed in detail according to the American standards of evidence. This narrative review presents the problem of cheiloscopic expertise as a scientific and practical issue and provides a brief historical overview of this field and the foundations of the Polish cheiloscopic identification method. We conclude that Poland has sufficient historical background and a robust development of cheiloscopy in the field on a scientific and legal basis; however, due to its reports being in the Polish language, its absence from the most relevant specialized literature, or simply a lack of cooperation between countries and experts, the country has unfairly been left out of the discussion. We believe that a new look at the Polish contribution to lip print identification is necessary to reinsert this topic into the current discussion of a new identification paradigm.

Cheiloscopy: A crucial technique in forensics for personal identification and its admissibility in the Court of Justice.

In every criminal inquiry, identification is of utmost importance. Cheiloscopy is a technique used in forensic investigation that focuses on identifying people from their lip prints. Just like fingerprints, each person's lip crease pattern is unique. Moreover, Lip prints are seen to remain consistent throughout an individual's life. Lip prints can therefore be used to confirm if a person was at the crime scene or not. Cheiloscopy is used to examine the sulci labiorum, or "lip prints," which are the wrinkling and furrows on the labial mucosa that produce a distinctive pattern. The current review article focuses on the potential of cheiloscopy as a vital role player in the process of criminal investigation by detecting and identifying individual(s).

Populational Variations of Cheiloscopy Patterns: A cross-sectional observation pilot study.

Purpose Lip prints are unique and have potential for use as a human identifier. The purpose of this study was to observe possible cheiloscopy differences of individuals with and without parafunctional oral habits such as smoking, vaping, playing a wind instrument or using an asthma inhaler.Methods This IRB approved blinded cross-sectional observation pilot study collected lip prints from sixty-six individuals, three of which were excluded. Participants cleansed their lips, then lipstick was applied to the vermillion zones of the upper and lower lips. Adhesive tape was applied to the lips and prints were transferred to white bond paper for viewing purposes. Each set of included lip prints was divided into quadrants and dichotomized into a group of those with an oral parafunctional habit or with no such habits. Each quadrant sample was then manually analyzed and classed according to the gold standard Suzuki and Tsuchihashi system.Results A total of 252 dichotomized lip print quadrants (with habits n=76, 30.2%, and without habits n=176, 69.8%) were analyzed. Type II patterns were the most common for examined quadrant samples; however, no statistically significant differences (Pearson's chi-squared test, p=0.366) were observed between pattern classifications of samples with and without parafunctional oral habits.Conclusion There is no statistically significant difference of lip print patterns between individuals with and without parafunctional oral habits. Further research on populational variations is needed for cheiloscopy to aid in human identifications.

Cheiloscopy patterns in individuals with and without parafunctional oral habits: A cross-sectional observation pilot study.

PURPOSE: Lip prints are unique and have potential for use as a human identifier. The purpose of this study was to observe possible cheiloscopy differences of individuals with and without parafunctional oral habits such as smoking, vaping, playing a wind instrument or using an asthma inhaler. METHODS: This IRB approved blinded cross-sectional observation pilot study collected lip prints from 66 individuals, three of which were excluded. Participants cleansed their lips, then lipstick was applied to the vermillion zones of the upper and lower lips. Adhesive tape was applied to the lips and prints were transferred to white bond paper for viewing purposes. Each set of included lip prints was divided into quadrants and dichotomized into a group of those with an oral parafunctional habit or with no such habits. Each quadrant sample was then manually analysed and classed according to the gold standard Suzuki and Tsuchihashi system. RESULTS: A total of 252 dichotomized lip print quadrants (with habits n = 76, 30.2%, and without habits n = 176, 69.8%) were analysed. Type II patterns were the most common for examined quadrant samples; however, no statistically significant differences (Pearson's chi-squared test, p = 0.366) were observed between pattern classifications of samples with and without parafunctional oral habits. CONCLUSIONS: There is no statistically significant difference of lip print patterns between individuals with and without parafunctional oral habits. Further research on populational variations is needed for cheiloscopy to aid in human identifications.

Analysis of Inheritance patterns, gender dimorphism and their correlation in lip and palm prints - A cross-sectional study.

Background: Forensic sciences deal with key areas to be included in judicial makeup that has been approved by both the court and the scientific community, which distinguishes truth from counterfeit. Lip and palmprints are one of a kind and do not change during the lifetime of a person unless any pathologies. Objectives: To evaluate the heritability, and gender dimorphism of lip and palm prints among parents and their offspring. Methods: A total of 280 participants were included in the study. Lip and palm prints were collected from participants using a digital camera. The photographic data obtained is subjected to Adobe Photoshop and analysed for inheritance. Gender dimorphism is evaluated by the predominant lip pattern and palm ridge count in four designated areas. Results: A positive resemblance of 28.4% was found between parents and offspring in lips, and for the right palm, it was 60.2% and 55.12% for the left palm (principal lines) which are statistically insignificant. In all six quadrants, the most predominant lip pattern found in males is type 5, and in females, type 11. The mean palm ridge density was significantly higher among females than males in all designated areas. Conclusion: The digital method of analysing lip and palm print images with Adobe Photoshop 7 software is a convenient method that allows for better visualisation and easier lip and palm print recording and identification. Considerable inheritance patterns and gender dimorphism were observed that aid in personal identification.

Cheiloscopy in sex estimation: a systematic review.

This study aimed to conduct a systematic review to gather evidence to clarify if cheiloscopy can be used in sex estimation and identify the reasons behind the lack of consensus in the scientific community. The systematic review was performed following the PRISMA guidelines. A bibliographic survey was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, restricted to articles published between 2010 and 2020. Studies were selected according to eligibility criteria, and then the study data were collected. The risk of bias in each study was assessed and applied as additional inclusion or exclusion criteria. The results of the articles eligible for analysis were synthesized using a descriptive approach. In the 41 included studies, several methodological flaws and variations between studies that contribute to the discrepancy in results were identified. The data gathered allowed us to conclude that there is no strong scientific evidence to support the use of cheiloscopy in sex estimation, as there is no specific pattern for each sex, which reduces the criminalistic interest of cheiloscopy in estimating this parameter.

Are lip prints hereditary? A systematic review.

Hereditary lip prints have been studied by several researchers. However, the literature shows no consensus among the scientific community regarding this topic. Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review to gather evidence to clarify whether the surface structure of lip prints is hereditary and, consequently, if a familial relationship between individuals can be established through the analysis of lip prints. The systematic review was performed following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. A bibliographic survey was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, restricted to articles published between 2010 and 2020. Studies were selected according to eligibility criteria, and then the study data were collected. The risk of bias of each study was assessed and applied as additional inclusion or exclusion criteria. The results of the articles eligible for analysis were synthesized by a descriptive approach. In the seven included studies, methodological variations, including the definition of similarity, that contribute to the heterogeneity of results were identified. The data gathered allowed to conclude that there is no strong scientific evidence to support the hypothesis of the existence of heredity in the surface structure of lip prints, since it was not proven that similarities between parents and children occur systematically in all families.

A Cheiloscopy Study among Students of Different Regional States in Eastern India: An Institutional Study.

Introduction: India is one of the largest countries which is inhabited by diverse populations of different tribes, castes, religious, and migrant groups. In forensic investigation, personal identification plays the greatest importance. Lip prints are considered as one such tool for personal identification. Study of lip prints is referred to as cheiloscopy and they are considered as unique in every individual just like fingerprints. Materials and Methods: Three hundred randomly selected specimens were taken in our study comprising of both the genders and of various regions from Odisha, West Bengal (WB) and Bihar was considered in the study. The age selected in our study ranged from 18 to 25 years comprising of 151 males and 149 females. Lip impression was made and viewed for different lip prints pattern under a magnifying glass of 10X. Results: There was a total of six lip print type identified in the present study. The type of lip print pattern found more in males was Type 2 and in females was Type 1. The type of lip print pattern found more in Bihar and WB was Type 2 and Odisha was Type 1. Conclusion: As the lip print is unique for every individual, Cheiloscopy is considered as a useful method of identification in forensic odontology. The study showed statistically significant difference in gender with a variation in geographical location.

Lip Prints and Dermal Prints as a Tool to Detect the Skeletal Malocclusion: A Clinical Study.

Introduction: For the study's purposes, the researchers are looking to examine if there is a correlation between the skeletal base connection and lip and dermal prints, as well as whether there is a significant variation between genders. Materials and Procedures: Participants in the study numbered 120: Based on Reidel's Malocclusion categorization, There were 40 each of Class I, Class II, and Class III samples. The cellophane technique was used to obtain lip, finger, and palm prints from each of the 120 participants, and the data was analysed using SPSS 22.0. Intergroup comparisons were made using the Chi square test. Atd angle and a-b ridge count were both shown to be statistically significant via the use of an ANOVA test. Class III skeletal malocclusion individuals have a vertical lip pattern, as opposed to the branching lip pattern seen in Class I and II. All three research populations, including the South Indian population, have a right loop pattern. Class I individuals exhibited a greater number of a-b ridges and a greater atd angle. The majority of males and females had branching lip patterns. Conclusion: Dermatoglyphics and cheiloscopy can be used to investigate the genetic correlations of malocclusion and to prevent malocclusion at an early stage. They are simple, affordable, and noninvasive. However, they are not totally dependable because to other ethnic and environmental factors.

Lip print patterns: Similarities among the parents and their children.

Background: The wrinkles and grooves visible on the lips form the characteristic pattern of an individual and imprints produced is termed as "lip print." The study of these prints is known as "cheiloscopy." Variations in patterns among males and females could help in sex determination. Lip prints, therefore, can constitute material evidence left at a crime spot, equivalent to fingerprints. These patterns are heritable and are believed to be unique and permanent. The lip prints of parents and children and those of siblings have been shown to have some similarities. The influence of inherited lip print patterns among family members is still a new concept and studies are scanty in literature. Objectives: The objectives are to determine the most common patterns and gender-wise distribution among the study population and to analyze the inherited lip print patterns from parents to their offspring. Materials and Methods: Lip prints of 30 families were obtained using lipstick and cellophane tape. Based on criteria given by Suzuki and Tsuchihashi, patterns were recorded and analyzed from four quadrants of the lips using a magnifying lens. Results: The positive resemblance of lip print patterns from parents to their offsprings showed statistically significant resemblance in one quadrant and rest of the three quadrants showed no significant association between parents and offspring. Conclusion: Positive resemblance among the family members can be attributed to the genetics and inheritance. Lip print can be considered as an auxiliary method of identification.

Reliability of cheiloscopy and dermatoglyphics in hypertension and diabetes. A comparative study.

Background: Both dermatoglyphic and cheiloscopic patterns are genetically determined. These patterns are known to be associated with type II diabetes or diabetes mellitus and hypertension which are also considered to have genetic influence due to their familial occurrence. Hence, the aim of this study was to compare reliability of both cheiloscopy and dermatoglyphics with hypertension and type II diabetes. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study conducted on 300 study participants. Both cheiloscopic and dermatoglyphic patterns were recorded using validated techniques. Obtained patterns were analyzed and assessed for statistical analysis using the SPSS version 21.0 statistical software. The Chi-square test was used for analyzing the obtained data. Results: In the present study, no statistical correlation was obtained between either dermatoglyphic or cheiloscopic patterns and type II diabetes or hypertension. Conclusion: The present study showed that cheiloscopy or dermatoglyphics cannot be used as a predictive tool for assessing a subject's risk of developing type II diabetes or hypertension. These are contradictory findings, thus emphasizing more research in this area so that these noninvasive techniques can be used as predictive tools for developing essential hypertension or type II diabetes.

Résumé Contexte: Les modèles dermatoglyphiques et cheiloscopiques sont génétiquement déterminés. Ces modèles sont connus pour être associés au diabète de type II ou au diabète sucré et à l'hypertension qui sont également considérés comme ayant une influence génétique en raison de leur occurrence familiale.Par conséquent, le but de cette étude était de comparer la fiabilité de la cheiloscopie et des dermatoglyphes avec l'hypertension et le diabète de type II. Matériaux et méthodes: Il s'agissait d'une étude prospective menée auprès de 300 participants à l'étude.Les modèles cheiloscopiques et dermatoglyphiques ont été enregistrés utilisant des techniques validées.Les modèles obtenus ont été analysés et évalués pour analyse statistique à l'aide du logiciel statistique SPSS version 21.0.Le test Chi-square a été utilisé pour analyser les données obtenues. Résultats: Dans la présente étude, aucune corrélation statistique n'a été obtenue entre les modèles dermatoglyphiques ou cheiloscopiques et le diabète ou l'hypertension de type II. Conclusion: La présente étude a montré que la chéiloscopie ou les dermatoglyphes ne peuvent pas être utilisés comme outil prédictif pour évaluer le risque de développer le diabète ou l'hypertension de type II d'un sujet.Ce sont des résultats contradictoires, mettant ainsi l'accent sur plus de recherche dans ce domaine afin que ces techniques non invasives puissent être utilisées comme outils prédictifs pour développer l'hypertension essentielle ou le diabète de type II. Mots clés: Dermatoglyphes, hypertension, empreintes de lèvres, diabète de type II.

Cheiloscopy and dermatoglyphics in normal and obese individuals: A study in Indian subpopulation.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of obesity has been steadily increasing worldwide. Reliable and noninvasive tools that can be used to diagnose such conditions may help us in mass screening and prevention. Finger prints and lip prints have been used as the genetic markers in some diseases such as diabetes mellitus. Studies to correlate a possible association of such markers among obese individuals have not been reported in India to date. The present study was conducted to determine and compare the lip print and finger print patterns in normal and obese individuals and also to evaluate any possible correlation between the lip prints and finger prints in both the study groups. METHODOLOGY: Lip and finger print patterns of 100 obese and equal number of age- and sex-matched healthy individuals were analyzed. Right thumb, right index, left thumb and left index finger prints were evaluated. Gender-wise comparison was also made. RESULTS: Lip prints revealed no significant difference between obese and nonobese individuals. Predominant Type I lip print was observed in both the study groups. Comparison of finger prints between obese and nonobese individuals revealed a highly significant results for all the fingers. Predominant finger print patterns in the right thumb, right index, left thumb and left index among obese individuals were whorl (51%), loop (83%), whorl (79%) and arch (74%), respectively. No correlation between the lip prints and finger prints was noted. CONCLUSION: Finger prints in the obese individuals showed significant differences when compared to the normal controls while lip prints failed to reveal any significant difference. Lip prints did not correlate with the finger prints. Right thumb revealed a significant gender difference among obese individuals.

Correlation of lip print with blood group in forensic science.

BACKGROUND: Cheiloscopy is the study of furrows and grooves present on the red part, or the vermilion border of the human lips. The type of groves is unique for an individual and can be used for person identification. AIM: The aim of this study is to ascertain whether the uniqueness of lip print (LP) can help in identifying a person. In addition to evaluate the comparison of LP types and blood groups was taken up to see if there is any correlation between the two. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 participants (77 males and 123 females), aged between 25 to 45 years, to determine any correlation between LP types and blood groups. These lip patterns were analyzed and interpreted using Tsuchihashi's classification and later associated blood group matching was performed to determine the predominant LP type with the ABO and Rh blood grouping system. RESULTS: The present study showed a positive correlation between LP pattern and blood group among males and females. Thus, distribution of LP patterns, and ABO blood groups might help in the identification of an individual. CONCLUSION: Since LP and blood group are unique for a person. Hence, cheiloscopy along with blood group can play a vital role in person identification.

Association between ABO, Rh blood groups, lip and dermatoglyphic patterns, and nonsyndromic oral clefts: A case-control study.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study is to determine the association between nonsyndromic oral clefts (OC) in children and ABO, Rh blood groups, lip, and dermatoglyphic patterns of their unaffected parents. METHODS: This case-control study was conducted at a tertiary cleft center in Chennai, India, among 240 individuals comprising 80 units (40 cases and controls, respectively). Each unit (triad) was constituted by a child (0-12 years of age) either born with nonsyndromic OC (cases) or with no diagnosed congenital anomaly (control) and their unaffected parents (mother and father). ABO and Rh blood groups, specific lip print, fingerprint pattern, and palmar asymmetry were recorded for each individual. Strength of association of related factors was assessed by multivariable logistic regression reported as adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: A1-positive blood group was found to be considerably higher among case mothers (14.39 [1.57-32.27]). A higher odds of OCs were observed among case mothers with whorl lip pattern (1.51 [1.16-3.17]) and radial loop pattern in fingers (1.44 [1.09-2.31]) relative to controls. In addition, palmar asymmetry was distinctively higher among case parents compared to controls (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Findings indicate that A1-positive blood group, higher frequency of whorl lip, and radial loop finger patterns in mothers and higher ulnar loop pattern in fathers and palmar asymmetry in both parents increases odds of occurrence of OC among their offspring. These identifiable traits offer potential scope for better service planning among resource-constrained disadvantaged communities in India.

[Effectiveness of the vahanwala method in determining sex through cheiloscopy in scanned impressions of a group of peruvian students]. / Eficacia del método de vahanwala en la determinación del sexo a través de la queiloscopia en impresiones escaneadas de un grupo de estudiantes peruanos.

Objective: To demonstrate the effectiveness to determine sex through cheiloscopy using the Vahanwala method in scanned lip impressions at the Tupac Amaru Apurímac Secondary Training Entity for Minors in Lima, Peru in 2017. Methods: 94 lip imprint samples were collected for the study, of which 44 were from male and 50 from females. The lip prints were made using black lipstick, adhesive tape, swabs, and bond paper. After the collection, a HP Deskjet 2540 scanner was used to obtain images of the lip prints, and these were analyzed with the Adobe Photoshop CS6 program. The following aspects were recorded and evaluated; type of labial grooves, distribution of the labial commissures, lip thickness and the relationship these aspects had in the differentiation of gender. Concordance between the result of the method and the real sex of the lip print was evaluated with the statistical-kappa test. Results: 55.4% presented horizontal labial commissures in both sexes, 45.5% of the males presented medium lip thickness, while 34.0% of the females presented mixed type lip thickness. In relation to lip furrows, class IV furrows predominated in 59.2% of men, with class I and II furrows being found in 72.0% of women. Conclusions: The Vahanwala method is effective for sex determination using scanned lip impressions.

Correlation between lip print patterns and skeletal class I and II malocclusions - A tool to diagnose early.

BACKGROUND: Cheiloscopic analysis has been shown to have close association with skeletal malocclusion. Hence, aim of the present study was to explore any association between lip prints patterns and skeletal class I and II malocclusions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A study sample of 90 subjects aged between 18 and 25 years was selected from individuals opting for orthodontic therapy. Skeletal malocclusion using ANB angle was assessed using lateral cephalograms while lip print patterns were analyzed using the cellophane-adhesive method. Statistical analysis: Mean ± SD was analyzed and significance was assessed using ANOVA. RESULTS: Skeletal class I group showed more branched pattern (29%). Other patterns in decreasing order were intersected (25%), reticular (24%), and vertical lip patterns (22%), while the skeletal class II group showed branched pattern as most common (32%), followed in decreasing order by reticular (29%), intersected (25%), and vertical lip patterns (14%). No statistical significance was derived between lip pattern type and skeletal malocclusion. CONCLUSION: Lip print patterns are important indicators of malocclusion and can help in predicting the same at an earlier stage.

Lip print identification: Current perspectives.

Lip print identification has been proposed as an additional tool for crime investigation because of the supposed uniqueness of labial grooves; however, critics of the validity and reliability for methods and techniques redefined standards and requirements in order to consider this discipline a real forensic identification science. During our research we identified recent literature, presented here, which although extensive, have focused almost entirely on anthropological topics with outdated references which were not from primary sources and, furthermore, were erroneously quoted. Currently, authors continue to use the concept of lip pattern uniqueness, yet the greatest part of their research has failed to support this hypothesis under current scientific standards. Concepts and designs needed to evaluate materials for lip print development - the isolation of DNA, evaluation of inter-rater reliability in identifying their patterns or known potential rate of error - are scarcely mentioned in the reviewed literature. Lip print identification has been important historically, but the new paradigm makes the redefinition of the current research necessary to stop guesswork and speculation.

Prevalence of Type I Lip Print among Medical Students in a Medical College of Nepal.

INTRODUCTION: Lip prints, due to their unique patterns are typical to an individual, hence, used for personal identification. They vary in predominance, gender and race among different populations. The objective is to study their distribution among medical students and identify the predominant type. METHODS: The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on the medical students of Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences, from April 2019 to May 2019 after the ethical approval. Convenience sampling was used. The prints were classified according to Suzuki and Tsuchihashi. The collected data was entered in SPSS to determine the frequency and percentage. Sub group analysis was done on basis of gender and types of lip print. RESULTS: Out of 205 participants, prevalence of type I lip print among medical students is 70 (34.1%). Type I lip print was found to be most common followed by Type II in 57 (27.8%) and Type V in 6 (2.9%). One hundred forty one (68.8%) were male and 64 (31.2%) were female. The predominating pattern in RUQ; LUQ; LLQ; RLQ among male and female is Type I 46 (32.6%) and Type I 39 (27.7%); Type II 39 (27.7%) and Type II 44 (31.2%); Type I 19 (29.7%) and Type II 19 (29.7%); Type I 31 (48.4%)and Type I 27 (42.2%) respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Type I was the most common while Type V was the least common lip print. However, there was variation in its frequency and distribution according to the quadrant and sex.

Cheiloscopy and dermatoglyphics as screening tools for type 2 diabetes mellitus.

AIM: The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of cheiloscopy (the study of lip prints) and dermatoglyphics (the study of fingerprints) in screening diabetic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study sample comprised 100 individuals in the age group of 17-60 years, of which fifty were diabetics and fifty controls who reported to the Department of Oral Medicine, Thai Moogambigai Dental College and Hospital. Lip prints were collected and categorized based on the Suzuki and Tsuchihashi system. Fingerprint patterns were obtained and classified according to the Henry's system of classification. RESULTS: Type II and IV lip print patterns were predominant in diabetic patients and Type I lip print patterns in controls. The difference was statistically significant. There was no significant difference in fingerprint patterns between the study groups. Gender-wise analysis for lip print and fingerprint patterns did not yield significant results. CONCLUSION: Cheiloscopy is a potential screening tool for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Dermatoglyphics cannot be used as a screening tool in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Análisis de huellas labiales en una muestra de estudiantes de odontología de la Universidad de Costa Rica mediante la clasificación de Renaud: estudio piloto / Lip prints analysis in a sample of dentistry students of the University of Costa Rica based in Renaud's classification: pilot study

Resumen El presente estudio, tuvo como objetivo, analizar los distintos patrones morfológicos presentes en las huellas labiales de una determinada población costarricense y su correlación con las variables, sexo, edad y afinidad biológica. Se analizaron 105 huellas labiales pertenecientes a estudiantes de quinto y sexto año de la carrera de odontología de la Universidad de Costa Rica durante el II semestre del 2016. De las 105 huellas labiales analizadas mediante el método de Renaud, el patrón más prevalente fue el tipo C de manera general, mientras que, de manera individual, en labio superior predomina el patrón tipo A y en labio inferior predomina el patrón tipo C. De la totalidad de muestras analizadas, se destaca que todas revelaron patrones distintos y la correlación estadística entre las variables, sexo, edad y afinidad biológica, permitió conocer la existencia de elementos que podrían ser útiles para identificación de individuos en el ámbito forense. Los resultados demuestran que, con la aplicación de las técnicas adecuadas en la toma de muestras y un análisis estandarizado, las huellas labiales pueden ser utilizadas en el ámbito forense como método de identificación de individuos. Este estudio, además, pone en evidencia la necesidad de realizar más investigación sobre huellas labiales en Costa Rica, no sólo por la necesidad de un aumento en el número de muestras y así obtener mayores resultados estadísticos, si no también, para desarrollar las herramientas necesarias en la toma, revelado y análisis de huellas labiales, así como su aplicabilidad al servicio de la justicia costarricense.

Abstract The objective of this study was to analyze the different morphological patterns present in the lip prints of a certain Costa Rican population and its correlation with the variables, sex, age and biological affinity. 105 lip prints were analyzed belonging to fifth and sixth year students of the dental career of the University of Costa Rica during the second semester of 2016. Of the 105 labials analyzed by the Renaud method, the most prevalent pattern was type C in general, while, individually, in the upper lip, predominantly, the type of pattern, A and the lower lip, predominantly the type C pattern. Of the total of the analyzed samples, the different patterns and the statistical correlation between the variables, sex, age and biological affinity, remarks information that can be useful to identify individuals in the forensic field. The results show that, with the application of the appropriate techniques in the taking of samples and a standardized analysis, the lip prints can be used in the field of forensic science as a method of identification of individuals. This study also highlights the need to conduct more research on lip prints in Costa Rica, not only to increase the number of samples, but also to obtain more extended statistical results. Besides, this research can be used to develop the necessary tools in the taking, development and analysis of lip print. Moreover, the results obtained may be taken into consideration in order to improve forensic research in the Costa Rican justice system.